TheLoneRider
a seeker in search of Easter Eggs
Country > Thailand > Chiang Mai
Date > 2020 > Apr
Section > Yoga

Nong Khai, Thailand

Chakras
Kundalini Blogs


Muladhara (root chakra) Apr 26, 2020
(updated Jun 23, 2021 Chiang Mai)

Muladhara (root chakra)

Mantra: LAM
Form: lotus flower with 4 red petals bearing the Sanskrit letters va, scha, sha and sa
Element: earth
Statement: "I need to survive - food, clothing and shelter"
Blocked by: fear (know your fear and transcend it to open up this chakra)
Location Google Map: Nong Khai, Thailand

Muladhara (root chakra)
The Muladhara Chakra is represented by a red 4-petaled lotus flower next to the rectum towards the spinal tip. It's associated mantra is LAM.

Muladhara (root chakra)
Muladhara Chakra, through pranayama, develops vigor and body toughness against life's challenges

Foundational Chakra
Muladhara is also the root chakra and provides foundation for all the chakras - best to start developing this chakra before all the others. Analogy: in a building, the foundation has to be done first. The depth and strength of the foundation dictate the stability of the building. Traditionally, the yogis develop the Muladhara before the other chakras. However, in the last decade of paradigm-shifting where new flavors of the month are in vogue, there has been a push for the Ajna Chakra first - this is a big mistake according to the old school yogis.

Primal Instinct
Our primal instinct where our animal fight-or-flight response is centered here. Pranayama focused on the Muladhara develops vigor and body hardness against life's challenges. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, survival first (food, clothing and shelter) before heaven in our minds.

Ancestral Transcript
Our accumulated karmic balance sheet (debts and merits) are stored here. This is. This is where we keep records of our ancestral lineage and together with their survival accounts that make our genetic mold.

What are you Afraid of?
The activation of the Muladhara Chakra is blocked by fear. It is important to understand what your fears are. Afraid of losing your fitness and become debilitated? Afraid of rejection by the opposite sex? Afraid of being outsmarted? Whatever those fears are, flush them down. When you become aware of them, they have already served their purpose and need to be expunged from your system. Then the Muladhara Chakra opens up, clearing the way to the higher chakras.

Pranayama to Awaken the Kundalini from the Muladhara Chakra
This exercise (sadhana) is an amalgamation of full lotus seated pose (padmasana), regulated breathing (pranayama), visualization into existence (bhavana), and breath-hold on the inhalation (puraka kumbhaka) and energy locks (kumbhaka).

In Padmasana facing east or north, holding the Prithvi Mudra (thumb and right fingers touch...fire and earth), set your intention and focus on the Muladhara Chakra. Chant LAM slowly on the exhale and empty your lungs. Now, inhale slowly while visualizing the awakening of the Kundalini Shakti in the Muladhara Chakra. As you continue the inhalation, clearly visualize the Kundalini finding its way up, chakra by chakra, along the central energy channel (Sushumna). Synchronize the breathing so that by the time the lungs are fully inflated, the Kundalini is on the very top chakra, the Bramaghuna. Hold the breath in, suck-in the tummy (Uddiyana Bandha), chin to the chest (Jalandara Bandha), and visualize the entire body covered in white light, power and wisdom. AS you exhale, slowly chant LAM while visualizing the Muladhara chakra. At this point, the lungs should be fully empty with no residual air. Repeat the process. This process will hasten the awakening of the Kundalini.

Notes on Muladhara Chakra

  1. Apana - Apana vayu is the energy responsible for elimination of body waste. It resides in the Muladhara, th the lower part of the abdomen, in the in the descending colon, rectum and anus.
  2. Prana and Apana - Prana and Apana vayu are united in the Muladhara chakra through Mula Bandha and Uddiyana Bandha. This generates heat which awakens the Kundalini shakti.
  3. Kundalini - Kundalini Sakti is the dormant serpent power, coiled 3.5 times facing downwards in the Muladhara Chakra, located at the base of the spine. An awakened Kundalini goes up through the Sushumna nadi to the top of the head, the Sahasrara chakra, but may drop down again to Muladhara.
  4. Pranayama - another way to practise Pranayama to awaken the Kundalini, is to concentrate on the Muladhara Chakra at the base of the spinal column. This is where the Kundalini Sakti resides. Send the nerve-current down the spinal column striking against the Muladhara Chakra, awakening the Kundalini. Kundalini will be awakened quickly if the degree of concentration is intense and if the Pranayama is practised regularly with the prerequisites of yama, niyama and asana.
  5. Sushumna - Sushumna is the most important of all the energy channels (Nadis). The nerve-current moves through Sushumna in the spinal canal from Muladhara to crown of the head, Sahasrara.

Supernatural Gifts (Siddhis)
Activating Muladhara brings about Siddhis (superhuman abilities) as follows:

  1. ability to jump long distances, almost similar to flying (Darduri siddhi)
  2. ability to transcend time - present, past and future (Trikala jnana)
  3. control over the elements of the earth - becoming air, flesh, water, etc.
  4. to slow down ageing and live long (Kayakalpa siddhi) by conserving the nectar of life (amrita)
90-Minute Class
  1. Introduction - What is a chakra? What is Muladhara Chakra? Why do we need to activate? What are the siddhis associated with Muladhara?
  2. Warm-up - stretches and limbering
  3. Asana - sqeezing mula bandha on the inhale and releasing on the exhale
    1. Malasana from Standing - from squatting, pelvic pull on the way up
    2. Chair from Standing - on reverse prayer hands (optional)
    3. Pendulum - seated, rock the pelvic floor from side to side
    4. One-Legged Cradle - seated, cradling one leg at a time
    5. Pashimotanasana Pelvic Lift - seated with straight legs, straight upright torso and palms pressed by the pelvic side. On the inhale, squeeze mula bandha while hands push against the floor, lifting the pelvic floor up. Exhale, release
    6. Low Lunge - squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up
    7. Warrior I - squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up
    8. Warrior II - squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up
    9. Goddess - squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up
    10. Purvotanasana - squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up
    11. Setu Bandhasana - body arch facing the sky, upper back and heals pressed on the mat, legs are straight
  4. LAM chanting - seated, inhaling with butt-squeeze, visualizing light moving up, hold 2 seconds, exhaling, release the squeeze, chant LAM very slowly until air runs out. Hold 2 seconds before inhale. 5 minutes.
  5. Savasana - body scanning, 5 minutes
Muladhara Chakra
<--#include virtual="/yoga_class/full_muladhara.shtml" -->

CHAKRA: MULADHARA CHAKRA

CHANTING: LAM

  • Chanting: LAM
    <--#include virtual="/yoga_class/chant_lam.shtml" -->
    Single-pointed focus on Muladhara Chakra (root)
    a) to start the class, 1 minute composure then 3 mins of LAM chanting - ujjayi breathing on the inhale focusing on the mudra, then LAM chanting on the exhale, shifting focus on the chakra
    b) to end the class, 1 minute composure then 3 rounds of LAM chanting - ujjayi breathing on the inhale focusing on the mudra, then LAM chanting on the exhale, shifting focus on the chakra
  • INTRODUCTION

  • Class introduction: Muladhara chakra (root)
    <--#include virtual="/yoga_class/intro_muladhara.shtml" -->
    This class revolves on Muladhara Chakra. The mudra (Prithvi Mudra), mantra (LAM), asana (asanas involving Mula Bandha), pranayama () and everything else will revolve around the Muladhara.
  • FULL LECTURE: Muladhara Chakra

    Muladhara <--#include virtual="/yoga_class/c_muladhara.shtml" -->
  • Muladhara Chakra / LAM chanting - explaining Muladhara (root chakra) together with LAM mantra, including features and related topics:

    1. Statement - "I need to survive - food, clothing and shelter"
    2. Features
      1. provides foundation for all the chakras - best to start developing this chakra before all the others
      2. survival instinct where our animal fight-or-flight response is centered - survival first (food, clothing and shelter) before heaven in our minds
      3. where we keep records of our ancestral lineage and their survival accounts that make our genetic mold
      4. Apana vayu, the energy for elimination of waste, resides in the same area as Muladhara. Activating Muladhara allows for optimized elimination
      5. Muladhara is where the 4 powerful nadis/shakti reside - ida, pingala, sushumna and kundalini. To activate the Muladhara is to energize these etheric elements
    3. Typical people - every poor person who fights tooth-and-nail for the little morsels thrown their way
    4. Mantra - LAM
    5. Sitting Pose - no standard, but Padmasana is ideal
    6. Asanas - any asana where the pelvis is lifted off the floor
    7. Pranayama - kundalini rising on the inhale, hold and pressurize, explode on the exhale. Repeat
    8. Bandha - Mula bandha
    9. Blockage - fear (what are you afraid of? Know your fear, become aware of them, and face it)
    10. Activation - chanting LAM, squatting asanas, meditating on muladhara chakra
    11. Element - earth
    12. Mudra - Prithvi (earth + fire, ring finger + thumb, helps you gain weight, enhances the physical wellness of the body)
    13. Warning - if you seem to be too spacey and live 50,000 feet above sea level, you need Muladhara grounding to keep you functional in the real world
    14. Physical counterpart - perinium muscle at the base of spine (root)
    15. Location - next to the rectum towards the spinal tip
    16. Form / Color - lotus flower with 4 red petals. Inside the flower is an inverted triangle with a serpent (kundalini shakti) coiled 3 1/2 times facing downward
    17. Enhanced Human Qualities

      1. develops vigor and body toughness to survive the harsh reality of a dog-eat-dog scarcity
      2. helps you gain weight (if you are too lean)
    18. Super Human Qualities (Siddhis)

      1. ability to transcend time - present, past and future (Trikala jnana)
      2. ability to jump long distances, almost similar to flying (Darduri siddhi, also called Lung-gom-pa in Tibetan yoga)
      3. gains control over the 5 elements - fire, air, ether, earth and water
      4. slows down the aging process, promotes long life (Kayakalpa siddhi) by conserving amrita (nectar of immortality)
    19. Muladhara perspective vs other chakras
      note: at this level, you are at the BOTTOM of the barrel

      1. Muladhara: "I need food clothing and shelter to survive"
      2. Svadhisthana: "sex, drugs and rock & roll"
      3. Manipuraka: "I, me, mine - the world is my oyster"
      4. Anahata: "I have love and compassion"
      5. Visuddhi: "Instead of fighting with life, I begin to flow with the current of life. I perform at a high level of competence. People naturally move towards me because I can do things beyond their understanding and abilities."
      6. Ajna: "My intuition is accurate. I have psychic abilities. I see things without the cobwebs and clutter. I see the world in black and white with a very minimal shade of gray (uncertainty, doubt, indecision). Nothing can touch me, nothing can disturb me. But experientially, I still do not feel the spontaneous ecstasy of life."
      7. Sahasrara: "I am the convergence of energy and consciousness. The self, the universe and God become one"

  • MUDRA: PRITHVI (Muladhara Chakra)

    Prithvi Mudra

    Prithvi Mudra (aka Pruthvi)

    <--#include virtual="/2019/sep/mudra_prithvi/prithvi.shtml" -->

    Finger Position: thumb and ring finger touch (concentrate on this point), 3 other fingers are together, straightened, then relaxed
    Hand Level: shoulder
    Activated Elements: earth and fire
    Benefits: enhances the physical health of the body, improves personality, helps gain weight, allows forgive and tolerance
    Affected Body Part: entire physical body
    Mantra: LAM (Muladhara for body hardness)
    Notes: stop if it causes too much weight gain (yes, this mudra helps you gain weight)

    ASANA

  • Hang
    <--#include virtual="/yoga_class/hang2.shtml" -->
    Timed 3 rounds with twists and full fascia stretching (interspersed with stretching while fingers recover) and compare over time
  • Stretching
    <--#include virtual="/yoga_class/stretching2.shtml" -->
    Basic stretching to neck, shoulders, chest, back, side bends, pelvic roll, thigh stretch, knee roll, calf stretch
  • Surya namaskar A & B
    <--#include virtual="/yoga_class/surya2.shtml" -->
    3 rounds of Surya Namaskar A, 3 rounds of Surya Namaskar B
  • Asana for Muladhara Chakra
    <--#include virtual="/yoga_class/a_muladhara.shtml" -->
    1. Malasana from Standing - from squatting, pelvic pull on the way up
    2. Chair from Standing - on reverse prayer hands (optional)
    3. Pendulim (Downward Clearing Prana) - seated, rock the pelvic floor from side to side
    4. One-Legged Cradle - seated, cradling one leg at a time
    5. Reverse Table (from seated) - seated with straight legs, straight upright torso and palms pressed by the pelvic side. On the inhale, squeeze mula bandha while hands push against the floor, lifting the pelvic floor up until in Reverse Table Top. Exhale while releasing
    6. Low Lunge - squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up
    7. Warrior I - squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up
    8. Warrior II - squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up
    9. Goddess - squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up
    10. Purvotanasana - squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up
    11. Setu Bandhasana (Bridge A & B)
      A) squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up, feet and shoulder blades on the floor
      B) squeeze on pelvic lift on the way up, curved legs, knees not bent, heels and shoulder blades on the floor, arms reaching up (not propping the pelvic lift)
    12. Aswini Mudra - on Karnapidasana
      A. arms straight behind the body with interlaced fingers
      B. arms wrapped around the hamstring), inhale, hold the breath and contract/release the anal muscles. Exhale and repeat the process, 5 minutes

  • ADDHITTANA

  • chair with arms straight forward
  • PRANAYAMA

  • Pranayama: Muladhara
    <--#include virtual="/yoga_class/p_muladhara.shtml" -->
    On empty lungs, visualize the kundalini shakti in the muladhara. On the inhale, push the kundalini up through the sushumna (vertically straight), all the way to the sahasrara. Time the inhalation to complete when kundalini is already in the head. Create the pressure in the head through mula bandha and uddhiyana bandha. Seal the pressure through jalandhara bandha and prithvi mudra. Hold it as long as you can, maintaining head pressure. On the exhale, explode that pressure inside the head into a mushroom cloud with a blinding radiance, unshackling the kundalini shakti. Repeat
  • MEDITATION

  • Meditation: Muladhara
    <--#include virtual="/yoga_class/m_muladhara.shtml" -->
    No more yogic breathing, just normal breath.

    Focus your attention at the base of your spine where the Muladhara Chakra resides. Envision a lotus flower with 4 red petals. The red petals are spinning consistently...very steady...very smooth...very balanced. Imagine that inside this lotus flower is an triangle facing down. Inside this triangle resides the kundalini shakti, representing by a sleeping serpent coiled 3.5 times with the head facing downward.

    With your mental concentration and normal breathing, you are creating heat in the Muladhara Chakra. This heat is awakening the sleeping Kundalini. As it awakes, it straightens itself and goes through that hole of a tube leading up to the top of the head. This tube is the sushumna nadi, the central energy pathway, similar in importance to the spinal cord.

    The kundalini shakti begins its journey upwards passing through the essential chakras also lined up along the sushumna. Kundalini passes through the Svadisthana Chakra in the sacral area. The Svadisthana also spins fluidly like the Muladhara chakra. Kundalini continues its journey up passing through the Manipuraka Chakra in the navel area. AS it goes up, it passes through the Anahata chakra at the heart. It reaches the Visuddhi Chakra located on the soft spot on the throat. From there, it reaches up the Ajna chakra or the 3rd eye. Concentrate on this spot between the eyebrows but slightly higher. As we do, we invite grace to come into our lives. Kundalini finally reaches its final destination, the Sahasrara Chakra on top of the head. Here, it radiates into a blinding white light that permeates everything. This white light intensifies and takes over the entire body.

    The body is now a blazing white light. This light transcends the body and engulfs the entire space. Everything is white...a blinding white light pervades. And you feel this transcendence. And it takes all over you. As you slowly come out of this meditation, I invite you to see yourself as a divine incarnation...a realized being. Your words are mantra. Your thoughts create reality. What is you feel is infinite oneness. And you carry this with you at all times. The essence of Buddhahood now resides in you.
  • CHANTING: LAM

  • Chanting: LAM
    <--#include virtual="/yoga_class/chant_lam.shtml" -->
    Single-pointed focus on Muladhara Chakra (root)
    a) to start the class, 1 minute composure then 3 mins of LAM chanting - ujjayi breathing on the inhale focusing on the mudra, then LAM chanting on the exhale, shifting focus on the chakra
    b) to end the class, 1 minute composure then 3 rounds of LAM chanting - ujjayi breathing on the inhale focusing on the mudra, then LAM chanting on the exhale, shifting focus on the chakra



  • Muladhara (root chakra)
    (Jun 23, 2021) after-class picnic with Simona, Nat, Shellot and Muyan

    Ending Thoughts
    As a grounding chakra, it is relatively easy to spot the Muladhara level of a person. I've met conscious people who seem to live 50,000 feet above sea level and unaware of their spacey state. They are mindful of their breath but miss appointments, meetings and deadlines. Sorry to say, but monks seem to behave like that. Hello from planet Earth! This happens when other chakras were developed first before the Muladhara - there is no solid foundation for grounding. They seem to be oblivious to the demands of reality.

    On the other extreme, there are people who can't seem to evolve - they are simply trapped in the dog-eat-dog struggle of daily life and have to constantly fight for survival. They remain reliant in their Muladhara Chakra for their day-to-day survival, but seem to get stuck there.

    I believe the ideal balance, and this is what I am attempting to achieve, is to have one leg on solid ground and the other leg on Cloud 9. On one hand, I can still function in society, talk to business people, politicians and householders and deliver my projects on time according to specs. On the other hand, I am also mindful of the path to being the best evolved version of myself, establishing that connection between me and the universe at large.

    The Muladhara Chakra is an essential component in the yoga practice for many reasons. It's the foundational chakra that holds stability of the other chakras, it's the seat of the Kundalini Shakti, the seat of the sankini nadi where all 72,000 nadis in the body converge, and this is where the 3 most important nadis begin - Ida, Pingala and Sushumna. Self-realization through chakra awakening begins at the Muladhara Chakra. Without the Muladhara, self-realization is not possible.

    --- Gigit (TheLoneRider)
    YOGA by Gigit Yoga by Gigit | Learn English Learn English | Travel like a Nomad Nomad Travel Buddy | Donation Bank Donation Bank for TheLoneRider



    Seed Mantra LAM Chanting Meditation



    Muladhara Tuning and Balancing Music
    at 432 hz by Taos



    Muladhara Chakra Meditation Chant
    [Seed Mantra LAM Chants]



    Leave a comment?

    Reader Comments:

    Shoujun XuKaren China
    (Jun 23, 202) Picnic after yoga? Nice!

    Joyce Philips Boy BluesJo Australia
    (Apr 28, 2020) Your body looks like it's made from rigid discipline!! 🙂🙂🙂

    Sources:

    1. Yoga Makaranda 1 by Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
    2. Yoga Makaranda II by Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
    3. Yoga and Kriya: A Systematic Course in the Ancient Tantric Techniques by Swami Satyananda Saraswati
    4. Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha by Swami Satyananda Saraswati

    Next chakra:

    Svadhisthana (sacral chakra) Nong Khai, Thailand

    Svadhisthana (sacral chakra)

    (May 2020) Located 2-fingers above the muladhara, when combined with pranayama, the body becomes impervious to disease, no fatigue in physical work, peaceful coexistence with wild animals....more »»

    Nong Khai Travel Information / Tips

    Nong Khai Map
    Vientiane to Nong Khai by bus

    At the Khua Din Bus Terminal, you can board the #14 bus bound for Buddha Park. It will make a stop on the Friendship Bridge border - 15 mins, B8000. Go to Laos Immigration to exit. Board the special bus to cross the Friendship Bridge, Kip 4,000 or Baht 20. It will stop at Thai Immigration. Get processed. From there, board a tuk-tuk for Nong Khai, 5kms.

    Nong Khai Attractions
    1. Nong Khai Aquarium -
    2. Salakaewkoo (Wat Khaek) -
    3. Issan Rum Distillery -
    4. Wat Pho Chai -
    5. Lan Phaya Nak -
    6. Tha Sadet Market -
    7. Nong Khai Muay Thai Gym -
    8. Phrathat Bang Phuan -

    BLOGS
    Nong Khai
  • Nong Khai - Chiang Khan Roadtrip June 18, 2020
  • Life in Nong Khai Mar 13 - June 18, 2020
  • Peoplescape of Nong Khai Jun 17, 2020
  • Exploring Nong Khai's Cafe Culture Jun 10, 2020
  • Nong Khai Street Art June 4, 2020
  • Sirsasana A & B May 20, 2020
  • Yogic Morning Ritual: Structured Water, Water Therapy and Nauli May 1, 2020
  • Visiting the Salakaewkoo (Buddha Park) in Nong Khai, Thailand Apr 23, 2020
  • Fitness in Quarantine Times Apr 20, 2020
  • Covid 19: Lion - Buffalo Analogy Apr 13, 2020
  • Covid 19 and the Conspiracies Mar - Apr, 2020
  • Nong Khai with Cheng Mar 18 - Apr ???, 2020
  • Covid 19 and Pranayama Mar 20, 2020
  • Giant Mekong Catfish at the Nong Khai Aquarium Mar 19, 2020
  • Drawn to Nong Khai, Thailand Mar 12, 2020
  • Travel Tips for Thailand

    How to Get a 60-Day Thai Tourist Visa and then Extend by another 30 Days

    This process is BEFORE Covid 19. Not sure what it is now.

      60-Day Thai Tourist Visa

      NOTE: There is no need to go back to your country to get the Thai tourist visa. Any major city with a Thai Embassy will do. Apparently there is also no need to have an invitation from a Thai establishment to justify the visa.

    1. Bring the following to the Thai embassy:
      a) proof of money (bank statement will suffice)
      b) flight booking to Thailand
      c) onward flight back to your country from Thailand
      d) filled-in tourist visa form
      e) 2 passport pictures
      f) hotel booking in Thailand (they didn't ask me for this but better be safe)
      g) passport with at least 6 months validity
    2. After handing over all the documents, they will ask you to come pick your passport with the visa the following day from 4 to 5pm. That's it!
    3. NOTE: after 2 successful attempts, I was already questioned the 3rd time.

      30-Day Extension

      NOTE: When your 60-day visa is close to expiry and you want to extend your stay. No need to leave Thailand.

    1. bring the following to the Immigration Office:
      a) passport (make sure your Tourist Visa hasn't expired yet)
      b) Baht 1900
      c) photocopy of your passport + visa duration date stamp + TM6 card (white immigration card) and sign all the copies
      d) completed TM7 visa extension form (available at the Immigration Office)
      e) one 4cmx6cm passport picture
    2. submit the above to the Front Desk. They will give you a stub with your number on it. Take a seat and wait for your number to be called
    3. when your number is called, your picture will be taken. Then go back to your seat. They will call you again.
    4. when they call you again, they'll give you your passport with your extended visa. That's it!
    5. when there are no lines, the whole process can take only 10 minutes
    Book Train Tickets in Thailand

    Book Train Tickets in Thailand Online by Train36.com

    General Travel Tips
    1. arrive early - in case there is a snag (visa snag, documentation snag, transport ticket snag, etc.), you will have ample time to troubleshoot the problem if you arrive early (to the airport, to the bus terminal, etc.)
    2. put detailed itinerary on the Calendar apps of your smart-phone according to timelines - this is where you do all your thinking and planning. Once written down, you don't have to think anymore while you are on the journey...you just follow the steps. This frees your mind for something else that might happen while you are already en route
    3. avoiding scams - as a general rule, I ignore the touts or anyone I don't know who call out to me. The calling comes in many forms - "Hi! Where are you from?", "Excuse me! Excuse me!", "Where are you going?". I don't look them in the eye and I remain non-verbal with them. If you reply to them, you just gave them an 'in' to hound you. In order not to look rude, I smile and wave the 'not interested' hand to them, without looking at them.
    4. power bank - hand-carry your power bank. Do not check it in. You can be called in when you are already inside the plane to go all the way to the loading dock so you can personally remove the power bank...and chances are, you'll have to surrender it to them. And you might delay the plane departure!
    Currency Converter
    Currency Converter

    »» back to Yoga
    »» back to Homepage

    ARCHIVE: 2024 | JAN | FEB | MAR | APR

    1970 | 1973 | 1975 | 1976 | 1979 | 1981 | 1996 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | ALL BLOGS