Edward Witten (1951-): 'the smartest living physicist'
Mathematical and Theoretical Physicist
"String theory is 21st-century physics that fell accidentally into the 20th century."
Dedication I don't usually make dedications, but for this article, I dedicate this to my ex-girlfriend who was smarter than the rest of the other smart ones. She graduated Magna cum Laude at the Philippines' most prestigious university, garnered top honors and prize-money just by being smart - she didn't even apply to any of them. Most notably though, this is dedicated to her for looking at me straight in the eye and with supreme confidence, stated, "I'm smarter than you." I default to that time with fond amusement.
Disclaimer I do not present myself here as someone who understands Ed Witten's work (although I hope I could). When he talks, the only things I understand are the pronouns. But I am struck by his brilliance as described in the words of those he has worked with.
Pecking-Order Amongst Smart People When the most brilliant physicists on the planet call you 'the smartest living physicist'(at the 1990 cosmology conference), by no small measure, you are beyond brilliant. When he talks, the most acclaimed of them all shut-up and listen, hanging by his every word. When the most distinguished award in Mathematics (Fields Medal) is given to a physicist and not to a mathematician, you have to be none other than Edward Witten.
My Background Story I first stumbled upon Edward Witten when I was researching String Theory back in 2006. When the Theory of Everything was mathematically arrived at by way of an elegant equation devoid of all known anomalies, the quantum physicists thought they finally cracked the code that explains everything in nature by factoring the 4 known forces in nature - gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. This concept finally unified the chasm that has since divided Einsteins' world of relativity to the emergent world of quantum mechanics.
But before the most brilliant minds of physics could pop the champagne bottle, they realized that String Theory produced 5 variants. So now, the theory of everything became murky, confusing and baffling. You have to keep in mind that these are the most brilliant minds at that time, and they were stifled and stumped. What to do? Collectively, they deferred to the unofficial heir-apparent to Einstein - Edward Witten. Even though all these physicists were smart and brilliant, they all deferred to Edward Witten as being smarter and more brilliant.
Edward stated that he will unveil the mystery surrounding the 5 variants in a forthcoming string theory conference at the University of Southern California in 1995. With that, the world of physics braced itself for the day, in eager anticipation of what the oracle would proclaim. Finally, at the convention, Ed Witten came out with his bombshell that explained and cleared the confusion. This explanation gave rise to the M Theory. Everyone nodded in agreement as if to bow to a deity heralding in unison that they're not worthy to be in the presence of such greatness. Such is the stature and genius of Edward Witten. This episode lingered with me to this day.
Now, while writing about Srinivasa Ramanujan, the math genius, I became curious about what the highest honor and recognition there is in mathematics. The answer was the Fields Medal, comparable to the Nobel Prize. All the awardees were mathematicians with the exception of one - Edward Witten. Witten was the only physicist who won that award. In short, in a vast field of brilliant mathematicians out there, Witten the physicist, out-mathed all of them. That's how brilliant he is in both physics and math. He has garnered more awards than Swiss cheese has holes. That was the tipping point for me to write about him.
M Theory In explaining the 5 variants of string theory, Witten also posited an equation that revealed 11 dimensions to our reality. In our everyday life, we only experience 4 dimensions - 3 for space and one for time. But 7 more dimensions we don't perceive? The ramification was mind-blowing. It means we don't exist in one universe but a multi-verse. And there can be an infinite number of multi-verse. Although unproven, the math is solid. If a Fields Medal awardee calculates the math, it's credible.
Physics and Math They seem to be 2 sides of the same coin, one complementing the other. But on the cutting-edge of these 2 worlds, a great divide is present. The exponential growth of physics in the quantum field required more math than what was available. Mathematicians (not necessarily physicists), do not even fully understand what they are working within the quantum field, let alone develop mathematical expressions that describe and define the field. Physicists on the other hand (not necessarily mathematicians), don't really appreciate mathematical proofs to validate their work. Some don't even fully appreciate the mathematical ideas they are working with.
And here is what makes Witten unique - Edward Witten bridges the gulf between math and quantum physics. He is both a mathematical genius and a physicist of the highest order. He can develop the math to express his theory and experiments in the quantum field like no one can.
Robbert Dijkgraaf and Edward Witten during "The Universe Speaks in Numbers" event at the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) May 30, 2019
Late Bloomer Witten was already 22 years old when he took up math (Applied Mathematics at Princeton University), and 25 years old when he received his Ph.D. in physics. Prior to all that, he already had a Bachelor of Arts degree, Economics, dabbled in journalism and politics. In short, up until being a working adult, he wasn't sure yet what career to pursue. Unlike Ramanujan who had a single-focus on math his entire life, Witten was more like a late bloomer in the field where his name would be uttered on hallowed grounds.
Ending Thoughts Witten is now 69 as of this writing. Still vibrant and lucid and ever so smart, I wonder what other revelations are in store for us from his brilliant mind. While fascinating to be that brilliant, I probably would not like to be one. But I'm glad there's one to see us all through this maze of particles, strings and waves.
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Chiang Mai INFORMATION
Chiang Mai Map
Chiang Mai, Thailand
IMPORTANT PLACES
Bus Station Train Station Chiang Mai International Airport Nong Buak Hard Park - free yoga classes daily
HOTEL
Arun Dara Villa - 7 exclusive rooms, 1 swimming pool for every room, grand opening
Nawa Sheeva Hotel - big rooms, high ceiling, salt-water pool, restaurant, cafe
Nawa Saraan Hotel - low density (4 spacious rooms), stone garden setting, Koi fish pond, Old City location
Arun Suite - 3 bedrooms in a 3-storie guesthouse within Old City, ideal for families
MOTORBIKE RENTAL
Tawan Bike - motorcycle rental | +66 91 635 2863 | Si Phum, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai 50200
Chiang Mai FYI / Tips
crop-burning season in Chiang Mai is between late Feb to early April. But laws change everytime. This year, 2019, there is a 61-day ban on burning so the farmers started burning early. When my plane was approaching Chiang Mai on Jan 24, 2019, there was already a thick blanket of smog covering the entire city (and beyond). But within the city itself, you won't feel it (but that doesn't mean the air is healthy). To monitor air conditions in real time, refer to site: Chiang Mai Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index (AQI)
hot season begins March and lasts until June
wet season begins July and lasts until September
best time to visit Chiang Mai is mid-September to mid-February - after the monsoon and before the burning
you have to try Khao Soi, this is north Thailand's culinary staple
the tourist area where most of the hotels, restaurants, ticket offices, tour operators are, is located in the Old City
to exchange your dollars to Thai Baht, the Super Rich Money Exchange give the best rates. There are many branches scattered around Chiang Mai
get a red cab (songthao) outside the train station for Baht 50 (instead of paying B100 if inside the train station) to Old City - if you haggle nicely enough...I did!
shared red taxi (songthao) - B30 standard fare plying all over Old City
for only B50/day, best to rent a bike to go around the Old City - it's a 2.5km2 with lots to discover
FREE daily yoga classes from 9:00am to 10:15am at Nong Buak Hard Park (southwest corner of Old City). Resident and passing-through teachers take turns conducting yoga classes.
Blues/Jazz Bars in Chiang Mai
North Gate Jazz Coop - at Chang Phueg Gate, great Tuesday jam session, Blues on Sundays at 11pm by the Chiang Mai Blues band
Boy Blues Bar - at the Night Bazaar. Mondays at 9:30pm is open mic
My Secret Cafe - near Wat Phra Singh. Tuesdays at 7:30pm for the changing front-act and 9:00pm for the Panic Band
Taphae East - 88 Thapae Rd. (just north of Night Bazaar). Fridays at 9:30pm by Chiang Mai Blues Band
Chiang Mai Cost Index
B60 Chiang beer
B250 1 hour drop-in yoga session
B200 one hour Thai body massage at WAYA Massage(highly recommended)
B50 noodle soup with meat
B50 coffee
B40 pad thai
B30/kilo wash-only laundry
B50/kilo wash+iron laundry
B100-150 dorm bed/night
B250 fan room/night
B30 internet cafe/hour
B170-190 Movies Sat-Sun and public holidays
B130-150 Movies weekdays
B100 Movies Wednesdays (movie discount day)
B750 1/2 day Thai cooking lessons
B900-1000 1 full day Thai cooking lessons
B400 Muay Thai boxing ticket
B2500 starting room rate at the luxury hotel, Nawa Sheeva(highly recommended)
Transportation
B450 bus, Chiang Mai to Bangkok
B160-180 bus, Chiang Mai to Pai
B1250 bus, Chiang Mai to Luang Prabang
B1650 slow boat, Chiang Mai to Luang Prabang
B210 bus, Chiang Mai to Chiang Rai, 3-4 hours
B360 Green VIP bus, Chiang Mai to Mae Sai (Thai border town for visa run to Tachileik, Myanmar)
B50 bicycle rental, 24 hours
B200 motorbike rental, 24 hours
B273 #51 sleeping train from Bangkok to Chiang Mai
Book Online - direct booking with State Railway of Thailand. Best to register first. If going to BKK from CNX, click "Northern Line".
note -- big difference between booking direct with the State Railway and booking with an online 3rd party agent. 12GO was charging B1330 for the same trip that only cost me B941 with the State Railway.
note -- Oct 2022, I took the #10 Train from CNX to BKK, upper berth, 2nd class, a/c, sleeper, B941. The train was clean, fast, comfortable and modern. If you have heavy luggage that will cost more money in flight checkin, I would suggest this train. Otherwise, the flight now is so much cheaper it doesn't even make sense to take the bus or train.
Bangkok to Chiang Mai by Train from Bang Sue Train Station
10:22pm - #51 Train, arrive Chiang Mai 12:10pm, sleeper, 3rd class B270 (non sleeper), 2nd class B438, B728 upper deck, B798 lower deck
Loei to Chiang Mai by Bus
From Loei town center, take a tuk-tuk ride to the bus station, B30. There is only one bus station.
As of June 28, 2020 (still on Covid schedule), there are only 3 night trips: 8:30pm, 9:30pm and 12 midnight. 9 hours, B470.
The bus makes the following stops at the following times from a 9pm Loei departure: Phu Ruea (9:50pm), Phitsanulok (12:40am), Uttradit (2:20am), Lampang (4:35am)
Final bus stop is at the Red Bus Arcade, Chiang Mai, 9 hour-trip, arriving 6am (from 9pm Loei departure).
Take a red songthaew to Old City, B50. They'll try to charge you B100, but they'll take B50 (just assure the driver you won't tell the other passengers).
How to Get a 60-Day Thai Tourist Visa and then Extend by another 30 Days
This process is BEFORE Covid 19. Not sure what it is now.
60-Day Thai Tourist Visa
NOTE: There is no need to go back to your country to get the Thai tourist visa. Any major city with a Thai Embassy will do. Apparently there is also no need to have an invitation from a Thai establishment to justify the visa.
Bring the following to the Thai embassy:
a) proof of money (bank statement will suffice)
b) flight booking to Thailand
c) onward flight back to your country from Thailand
d) filled-in tourist visa form
e) 2 passport pictures
f) hotel booking in Thailand (they didn't ask me for this but better be safe)
g) passport with at least 6 months validity
After handing over all the documents, they will ask you to come pick your passport with the visa the following day from 4 to 5pm. That's it!
NOTE: after 2 successful attempts, I was already questioned the 3rd time.
30-Day Extension
NOTE: When your 60-day visa is close to expiry and you want to extend your stay. No need to leave Thailand.
bring the following to the Immigration Office:
a) passport (make sure your Tourist Visa hasn't expired yet)
b) Baht 1900
c) photocopy of your passport + visa duration date stamp + TM6 card (white immigration card) and sign all the copies
d) completed TM7 visa extension form (available at the Immigration Office)
e) one 4cmx6cm passport picture
submit the above to the Front Desk. They will give you a stub with your number on it. Take a seat and wait for your number to be called
when your number is called, your picture will be taken. Then go back to your seat. They will call you again.
when they call you again, they'll give you your passport with your extended visa. That's it!
when there are no lines, the whole process can take only 10 minutes
arrive early - in case there is a snag (visa snag, documentation snag, transport ticket snag, etc.), you will have ample time to troubleshoot the problem if you arrive early (to the airport, to the bus terminal, etc.)
put detailed itinerary on the Calendar apps of your smart-phone according to timelines - this is where you do all your thinking and planning. Once written down, you don't have to think anymore while you are on the journey...you just follow the steps. This frees your mind for something else that might happen while you are already en route
avoiding scams - as a general rule, I ignore the touts or anyone I don't know who call out to me. The calling comes in many forms - "Hi! Where are you from?", "Excuse me! Excuse me!", "Where are you going?". I don't look them in the eye and I remain non-verbal with them. If you reply to them, you just gave them an 'in' to hound you. In order not to look rude, I smile and wave the 'not interested' hand to them, without looking at them.
power bank - hand-carry your power bank. Do not check it in. You can be called in when you are already inside the plane to go all the way to the loading dock so you can personally remove the power bank...and chances are, you'll have to surrender it to them. And you might delay the plane departure!